Andesite eruptions can even create the deadliest of all volcanic hazards: pyroclastic clouds. In this type of eruption, magma meets water, causing steam explosions and throwing incandescent bombs that eject ash, volcanic rock fragments, and molten rock. In fact, andesite is one reason this volcano is also known for its dramatic phreatomagmatic eruptions. Andesitic eruptions are a whole different story. However, Kavachi also releases gloppy, silica-rich andesitic magma. This may be the reason that it’s venting a plume of sulfurous water, instead of a gigantic volcanic explosion. Researchers have found that Kavachi’s current eruption is mostly basaltic. This type of eruption made the shield volcanoes of Hawai’i. So, instead of making gigantic eruption columns, basalt tends to produce liquid a’a and pahoehoe lava flows. Because the basalt lava is so thin, gases can escape. Basaltic eruptions are relatively quiescent. First in its molten repertoire is liquid, free-flowing basaltic lava, rich in magnesium and iron. This unique, extreme environment exists because the many-talented sharkcano produces more than one type of lava. Concentrated CO 2 bubbles up from the summit, turning the seawater into acid strong enough to burn skin. And the lava rocks near Kavachi’s undersea vents were crawling with sulfur-loving extremophile bacteria. There were silky sharks and hammerheads, thriving among reef fish in the caustic depths of the crater. It revealed a vibrant ecosystem, from megafauna to zooplankton. Hammerheads, to be precise! A 2015 scientific expedition to the sharkcano dropped a baited GoPro straight into Kavachi’s hydrothermal vents.
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Surprising No One, The Sharkcano is Full of Sharks